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Facilitated dialogue in the aftermath of a national conflict can counteract otherwise destructive debates and promote reconciliation. Through the thoughtfully orchestrated use of dialogue, there is cause for optimism that Rwanda can reposition its narrative, filled with cycles of interethnic violence, to become one of Africa’s 21st century success stories. Dialogue is being used in various forms throughout the country, from formal discussion clubs to academic conferences, to help Rwandans strengthen national unity and equality.
Protracted conflicts such as the Hutu-Tutsi colonial legacy in Rwanda often result in violence, due to seemingly irreconcilable differences of identity. During intrastate conflicts, such as the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, parties dehumanise the opposing side. Forging national unity in the aftermath of neighbour-on-neighbour killings poses a tremendous challenge. Today, Rwanda provides a compelling case study in how dialogue – from community clubs to academic conferences – is making a significant impact on reuniting communities and preventing hate-filled narratives from being passed to the next generation.
The 1994 Rwandan genocide stunned the world with its intensity and volume of killing in this otherwise beautiful country, located at the centre of the Great Lakes region. While this tragedy will never be forgotten, Rwanda offers an inspiring example of how solid leadership and an active civil society can engage citizens in rebuilding their communities. This African nation can claim marked success in progressing from its darkest hour to a new era marked by economic development, increased security and, most importantly, the hope that national unity is indeed possible. Beyond the statistics, a recent visit to Rwanda provides a snapshot of how dialogue is being used to build interethnic reconciliation and national identity. In some cases, these aims are being achieved by helping communities to rediscover traditional conflict resolution methods while, in others, Rwandans are challenging long-standing cultural norms that contradict the notion of equality for all.
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